Client-side scripts are often embedded within an HTML document (hence known as an “embedded script”), but they may also be contained in a separate file, which is referenced by the document (or documents) that use it (hence known as an “external script”). Upon request, the necessary files are sent to the user’s computer by the web server (or servers) on which they reside. The user’s web browser executes the script, then displays the document, including any visible output from the script. Client-side scripts may also contain instructions for the browser to follow in response to certain user actions, (e.g., clicking a button). Often, these instructions can be followed without further communication with the server.

By viewing the file that contains the script, users may be able to see its source code. Many web authors learn how to write client-side scripts partly by examining the source code for other authors’ scripts.

In contrast, server-side scripts, written in languages such as Perl, PHP, and server-side VBScript, are executed by the web server when the user requests a document. They produce output in a format understandable by web browsers (usually HTML), which is then sent to the user’s computer. The user cannot see the script’s source code (unless the author publishes the code separately), and may not even be aware that a script was executed. Documents produced by server-side scripts may, in turn, contain client-side scripts.

Client-side scripts have greater access to the information and functions available on the user’s browser, whereas server-side scripts have greater access to the information and functions available on the server. Server-side scripts require that their language’s interpreter be installed on the server, and produce the same output regardless of the client’s browser, operating system, or other system details. Client-side scripts do not require additional software on the server (making them popular with authors who lack administrative access to their servers); however, they do require that the user’s web browser understands the scripting language in which they are written. It is therefore impractical for an author to write scripts in a language that is not supported by popular web browsers.

Due to security restrictions, client-side scripts may not be allowed to access the user’s computer beyond the web browser application. Techniques like ActiveX controls can be used to sidestep this restriction.

Unfortunately, even languages that are supported by a wide variety of browsers may not be implemented in precisely the same way across all browsers and operating systems. Authors are well-advised to review the behavior of their client-side scripts on a variety of platforms before they put them into use.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Client-side scripting, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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The product is a pure-Java server-side web application and will run on any platform where Java (JDK 5 or better) is installed.

*Operating Systems

** Microsoft Windows

** Linux, Solaris

** Mac OS X

*Application Servers

** Apache Tomcat (5.5 or better recommended)

*Databases

** Postgres (8.0 or better recommended)

Adapted from the Wikipedia article ConcourseConnect, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Self-certifying File System (SFS) is a global and decentralized, distributed file system for Unix-like operating systems, while also providing transparent encryption of communications as well as authentication. It aims to be the universal distributed file system by providing uniform access to any available server, however, the usefulness of SFS is limited by the low deployment of SFS clients.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Self-certifying File System, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Gordano Messaging Suite (GMS) is a commercial mail and groupware server developed by Gordano Ltd. It runs on Windows, Linux, Solaris, and AIX. Originally called NTMail which was the first commercially available mail for the Windows platform, the products were rebranded to the Gordano Messaging Suite in August 2002 to reflect the support for additional hardware platforms and operating systems.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Gordano Messaging Suite, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Time Protocol is a network protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in 1983 in RFC 868. Its purpose is to provide a site-independent, machine readable date and time.

The Time Protocol may be implemented over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). A host connects to a server that supports the Time Protocol on port 37. The server then sends the time as a 32-bit unsigned integer in binary format and in network byte order, representing the number of seconds since 00:00 (midnight) 1 January, 1900 GMT, and closes the connection. Operation over UDP requires the sending of any datagram to the server port, as there is no connection setup for UDP.

The Time Protocol is used by the rdate command, available on most Unix-like operating systems.

The functionality of the Time Protocol has been superseded by the Network Time Protocol (NTP).

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Time Protocol, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Hardware-assisted virtualization requires explicit support in the host CPU, which is not available on all x86/x86_64 processors.

A “pure” hardware-assisted virtualization approach, using entirely unmodified guest operating systems, involves many VM traps, and thus high CPU overheads, limiting scalability and the efficiency of server consolidation. This performance hit can be mitigated by the use of paravirtualized drivers; the combination has been called “hybrid virtualization”.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Hardware-assisted virtualization, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Endpoint 11 uses Symantec’s TruScan technologies to facilitate detection of unknown malware. It analyzes both “safe” and “negative” behaviors of unknown applications.

Endpoint 11 integrates Symantec’s Deepsight honeypot sensors to warn of emerging threats and provide threat advisories.

Proactive Threat Protection feature is currently not supported on 64-bit or Server Operating Systems.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Symantec Endpoint Protection, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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Port numbers can occasionally be seen in the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of a website or other services. By default, HTTP uses port 80 and HTTPS uses port 443, but a URL like http://www.example.com:8000/path/ specifies that the web site is served by the HTTP server on port 8000. The active transport layer protocol ports may be discovered on many operating systems (Windows, Unix-like, z/OS) with the command line ”netstat -a”.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article Port number, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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NTBackup is the built-in backup application introduced in Windows NT around 1997 and part of all subsequent versions up to and including Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. It uses a proprietary backup format (BKF) (also known as “Microsoft Tape Format” or MTF) to back up files. Files can be backed up to tape, ZIP drives, floppy disks, and hard drives. It also features integration with Task Scheduler and has several command line switches for scheduled automated backups.

In Windows Vista and later operating systems, NTBackup was replaced by Windows Backup and Restore Center, which uses the Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) file format, supports backup to modern media such as DVDs and image-based full system backups.

Beginning with Windows Server 2008, Microsoft has replaced NTBackup with Windows Server Backup, which includes the new wbadmin command.. This new backup application, wbadmin, no longer supports tape drives, which means that users have to install third-party applications to backup to tape on these new operating systems (See for example ).

For reading/restoring older backups, Microsoft has made available the NTBackup Restore utility which can only read BKF files. This utility can only be used on Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. It cannot be used on Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2 as it depends on ”Removable Storage Manager”, a component removed in these operating systems.

When used with tape drives, NTBackup uses the Microsoft Tape Format (MTF) , which is also used by BackupAssist and Backup Exec and is compatible with BKF .

Adapted from the Wikipedia article NTBackup, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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SIGPWR is sent when a power failure is imminent; for example, when the battery is running low on a laptop or when a power failure forces a server to switch to an uninterruptible power supply. Programs would be expected to synchronise state to permanent storage to ensure that if the system powers off data is not lost.

On some operating systems, the Boehm garbage collector uses SIGXCPU and SIGPWR to synchronise cross-thread garbage collection.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article SIGPWR, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

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