IBM I Operating System

The latest articles related to IBM I Operating System

Fortran – Variants

Fortran 5 Fortran 5 was a programming language marketed by Data General Corp in the late 1970s and early 80s, for the Nova, Eclipse, and MV line of computers. It had an optimizing compiler that was quite good for minicomputers of its time. The language most closely resembles Fortran 66. The name is a pun [...]

History of the graphical user interface – The 80s: Early commercial developments

Apple Lisa and Macintosh (and later, the Apple IIgs) Beginning in 1979, started by Steve Jobs and led by Jef Raskin, the Lisa and Macintosh teams at Apple Computer (which included former members of the Xerox PARC group) continued to develop such ideas. The Macintosh, released in 1984, was the first commercially successful product to [...]

SCO v. IBM – Introduction

”SCO v. IBM” is a civil lawsuit in the United States District Court of Utah. The SCO Group asserted that there are legal uncertainties regarding the use of the Linux operating system due to alleged violations of IBM’s Unix licenses in the development of Linux code at IBM. Adapted from the Wikipedia article SCO v. [...]

PKZIP – History

File compression routines date back to at least the 1960s: IBM had a compression program called SQUOZE that was commonly used to pack programs on the 709 and 7090 mainframes as part of the SHARE operating system. By the 1970s file archiving programs were distributed as standard utilities with operating systems. They include the Unix [...]

Silicon Graphics – High-end server market

In recent years, SGI has continued to enhance its line of servers (including some supercomputers) based on the SN architecture. SN, for Scalable Node, is a technology developed by SGI in the mid-1990s, that uses cache-coherent non-uniform memory access (cc-NUMA). In an SN system, processors, memory, and a bus- and memory-controller are coupled together into [...]

CICS – History

The first release of the CICS Program Product developed by IBM became available on July 8, 1969, not long after IMS. CICS was originally developed in the United States at an IBM Development Center in Des Plaines, Illinois, beginning in 1966. The first CICS product was released in 1968, named Public Utility Customer Information Control [...]

Floppy disk – Compatibility

In general, different physical sizes of floppy disks are incompatible by definition, and disks can be loaded only on the correct size of drive. There were some drives available with both 3½-inch and 5¼-inch slots that were popular in the transition period between the sizes. However, there are many more subtle incompatibilities within each form [...]

Keyboard layout – Note on keyboard layouts

Keyboard layouts have evolved over time. The earliest mechanical keyboards were used in musical instruments to play particular notes. With the advent of printing telegraph, a keyboard was needed to select characters. Some of the earliest printing telegraph machines used a layout similar to a piano keyboard. The center, alphanumeric portion of the modern keyboard [...]

EBCDIC 930 – Introduction

CCSID 930 (sometimes known as CP930 or codepage 930) is one of several Japanese EBCDIC code pages created by IBM for representation of Japanese text. It is commonly used on IBM z/OS and IBM System i operating system. It encodes halfwidth Katakana, fullwidth Katakana, Hiragana and Kanji. Adapted from the Wikipedia article EBCDIC 930, under [...]

X/Open – Introduction

X/Open Company, Ltd. was a consortium founded by several European UNIX systems manufacturers in 1984 to identify and promote open standards in the field of information technology. More specifically, the original aim was to define a single specification for operating systems derived from UNIX, to increase the interoperability of applications and reduce the cost of [...]

File system – Types of file systems

File system types can be classified into disk file systems, network file systems and special purpose file systems. Disk file systems A ”disk file system” is a file system designed for the storage of files on a data storage device, most commonly a disk drive, which might be directly or indirectly connected to the computer. [...]

Digital Research – Introduction

Digital Research, Inc. (aka DR or DRI; originally Intergalactic Digital Research) was the company created by Dr. Gary Kildall to market and develop his CP/M operating system and related products. It was the first large software company in the microcomputer world. Digital Research should not be confused with Digital Equipment Corporation; the two were not [...]

Home computer – Background

Computers became affordable for the general public due to the mass production of the microprocessor. Early microcomputers had front-mounted switches and blinkenlights to control and indicate internal system status, and were often sold in kit form. These kits would contain an empty printed circuit board which the purchaser would fill with the integrated circuits, other [...]

Apple II series – General

Data storage Originally the Apple II used audio cassette tapes for program and data storage. A dedicated tape recorder along the lines of the Commodore Datasette was never produced; Apple recommended using the Panasonic RQ309 in some of its early printed documentation. Apple and many third-party developers made software available on tape at first, but [...]









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