By: Tim P Johnson

Unix is an “ideal” operating system that has been developed by many different vendors over the past years. There are many different Unix systems that differ in functionality, external look and feel, licensing model and other non standard features, developed by these different vendors. Few examples are Linux distributions, BSD systems, Sun/Oracle Solaris or Apple OS X. However, there are number of features that are common to all Unix and Unix-like systems. Unix systems have a hierarchical file system that allows relative and absolute file path naming. These file systems can be mounted locally or remotely from file server. All operations on file systems are carried by processes, which may spawn child processes to perform discrete tasks. All processes can by identified by their unique process ID (PID).

Unix systems have core kernel which is responsible for managing core system operations, such as logical devices for input/output (/dev/pty for example) and allocating resources to user and system services.

Originally designed as a text-processing system, Unix systems share many tools that manipulate and filter text in various ways. In addition, small utilities can be easily combined to form complete applications in rather sophisticated ways. Output from one application can be redirected to a file or another application. Combining applications with redirects allows creation of simple or more complex scripts that are capable of performing complicated and automated operations on text and files. These applications and scripts are executed from a user shell, which defines the user interface to the kernel.

Unix is multiprocess, multiuser, and multi-threaded system. This means that more than one user can execute a shell and applications concurrently, and that each user can execute applications concurrently from within a single shell. Each of these applications can then create and remove lightweight processes as required. Because Unix was created by active developers, rather than operating system administrators, it is best suited to fit programmers needs.

Below are some common features to typical Unix applications following Unix principles.

• Programs are small, self-contained, typically build to perform single task. If a new task needs to be resolved a few program is usually developed or existing programs are combined into a script.
• Programs accept data from standard input and write to standard input, and in return they can be chained to process each others output sequentially. Programs are non interactive, instead they present a wide range of command line options, that specify performed action. These ideas are consistent with the concept of piping, which is still fundamental to the operation of user shells. For example, the output of the ls command to list all files in a directory can be “piped” using the | symbol to a program such as grep to perform pattern matching. The number of pipes on a single command-line instruction is not limited.
• If some software doesn’t work properly anew one is usually developed within weeks or sometimes days.

This list is not exhaustive explanation of what is the Unix system. It is rather a guide to understand what makes Unix an exceptional operating system.

Tim has been writing articles online for nearly 2 years. He specializes in computer security. You can also check out his latest website at http://www.dorseymetrology.com which provides information about optical comparators.

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Our Computer Basic Training lesson for today will be focusing on Windows Vista and what makes this particular one so unique from the previous versions from Microsoft group. The latest operating system to be released by the Microsoft Corporation giant in their Windows line is Windows Vista. This new operating system has been hailed as the next great wave of operating systems (OS) with new improved features and a user interface like no other in their Windows series. So what should you expect to see new in Windows Vista?

But before we continue with today’s computer basic training lesson, lets take a look at the true meaning of Computer Operating System. In its basic form, the definition of an operating system is as follows: a set of computer programs that manage the hardware and software resources of a computer system. We can add to that definition to say that an operating system rationally processes electronic devices in response to approved commands.

Most significant in Windows Vista is the way it looks (some people say its fantastic but you, whats your verdict?). It has brighter colors, more graphics, and capabilities for keeping multiple windows open on the same screen. Think of it as a computer version of picture in picture. Sounds strange to you? Why not, if you’re still struggling to acquire your basic computer training? This is referred to as Windows Aero and is a completely new graphical user interface.

Here are just few of other highlights that make Windows Vista so great:

• Windows Sidebar and gadgets that
  
  allows you to add an almost endless list of different gadgets.
• Basic file backup and restore.
• Improved DVD support that’ll enable you to easily create custom your DVD movies.
• Shadow copy, a feature that allows you to recover deleted files easily.
• Easy transfer, a feature that allows you to easily transfer files from an older computer to the new computer.
• Enhanced file encryption.
• Instant search available through all Explorer windows.
• Self-healing, the ability to automatically detect and correct problems that may be encountered on your computer.
• Improved photo gallery and control of your photographs.
• More parental control.
• Improved Windows Calendar, with the ability to easily set your tasks and appointments.

As was the case with other releases of Windows, the new Windows Vista is not without its critics. The biggest complaint among users of this operating system is that its system requirements are so high that you need a very large memory just to install the software. It takes up so much room on the hard driver, the computer runs slower.

Before we summarize today’s lesson, you should also note that: even though Windows Vista is flashier and looks prettier, many people have trouble adapting to the new features. It’s sometimes difficult to change over to something you’re not used to. With everything that’s new in Windows Vista, it can be overwhelming, but this is where you take it slow and explore your new operating system to make the best of it.

Almost all the problems and bugs in Windows Vista simply require a workaround or a change in the way you use it. Overall, Windows Vista has been hailed as a great new product ushering in a new era in computer technology today.

The choice has to be up to you whether or not you want to upgrade, but if you do, we’re relatively sure you’re in for a wonderful experience. But with your basic computer training, you should be able to handle most of these tasks. Hope you enjoyed our lesson for today! There are more free lessons for you to master so much about your OS and your computer basic training faster, available from my free newsletter publications on my website. You can check it out if you are interested. Have a nice day!

Fredrick Ituma website about Basic Computer Training. Sign Up for your Free Computer Training lessons. To master more advanced PC skills. GRAB your copies of our Unique Computer Training Video Tutorials on DVDs. Watch, learn and master your computer skills faster from your home DVD player, or on your Pc.

Visit our site here for more Free lessons about Computer Operating System.

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“Simple is best.” Often true, but not always practical. “The more complex a system is, the more there is to go wrong.” This applies to a computer operating system as much as to a car, and the security aspect of an operating system is no exception.

Nevertheless, some operating systems are more secure platforms for Web servers than others.

The more flexible and powerful an operating system is, the more vulnerable it is to attack via its Web server and, indeed, its other servers.

Although Unix aficionados might cringe at this statement, Unix systems, with all their integral servers, services, text editors, scripting languages, interpreters, etc., are very vulnerable, simply because there are so many entry points that can be exploited by hackers. On the other hand, less sophisticated systems, like a Macintosh or a purpose-built Web server machine, are more difficult to compromise. Taking it to the extreme, the most secure Web site would reside on a basic Macintosh with a basic Web server.

Of course, it is very unlikely that anyone would opt for a Mac for the sake of security, and sacrifice the superior performance of a multi-tasking system such as Unix or Windows NT, not to mention the additional functionality of middleware control and database transactions that these offer. Unfortunately, holes are continually being found in the security of both Windows NT server and Unix operating systems.

Between the two, the Unix operating system is generally more secure than Windows NT. The reason is twofold. Unix has bee

Human error and poor judgment have already been mentioned. When choosing an operating system for a Web server, an assessment of the expertise of the people responsible for its operation should be made. A Windows NT system configured and maintained by an experienced Windows NT system administrator is likely to be more secure than a Unix system administered by an inexperienced Unix system administrator. If an external hosting company is used for the Web server, and more than one operating system is offered, it is advisable to find out whether there is technical staff dedicated to only one or the other, rather than staff with general expertise.

Check your website security at website-security.biz.

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Mobile phone these days are not just devices used to make and receive calls. They are much more than that. They can calculate, organize, help you surf the web, take pictures, edit excel files and much more. If you want your cell to be able to do that and do it efficiently you have to make sure it has the best operating system for phones. Of course, when you buy a cell you analyze the price, the features and probably the design of the device. These are obviously very important but maybe even more important is the software that runs it all.

You are surely aware of the differences between Windows, Linux and Leopard OS but to be able to choose the Best operating system for mobiles you have to be familiar with Symbian, Windows Mobile, Blackberry, Android or iPhone OS. These all have strong and weak points and will allow you to use specific functions or not.

Most cells come with a preinstalled own OS and according to this you may buy the phone or not. For example the iPhone has the iPhone OS which is a specially designed OS derives from Mac OS X and some people consider it the Best operating system for mobiles although it can only work on the iPhone. This OS is very user friendly and allows multi-touching manipulation and you can download and use up to 100000 specially designed applications from the internet. Windows mobile 6 comes with a set of standard applications like calendar or notes and lets you synchronize Microsoft Outlook or Word and Excel files. It also has multimedia functions and lets you install any mobile software you want.

Th

You can’t really choose the best operating system for phones. You should choose the best one for you. It depends on the kind of features and functionalities you value the most. Windows mobile is the most preferred and common system, Blackberry is for email fanatics, iPhone OS is perfect is you want a slick to the point OS and Symbian and Android can do almost anything. Ask the sales advisor what each system can offer and decide if it is the right for you.

Freddie Vincent writes on Technology for Compare Mobiles he has also written about finding a Cheap Nexus One

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Looking for ways to speed up windows 7 operating system is now many users’ desire. Windows 7 is actually one of the best or most advanced operating system in the market at the moment but the issue of having slow computers hasn’t been completely eliminated. It is no longer news that windows computers runs relatively slow due to series of different problems the users may not easily admit but there cheering news is that the slowness has simple permanent solution.

Some had said that windows 7 are far too advanced for today’s computer world and this could be one of its unique problems. Being advanced is one of the reasons windows 7 has a system called ‘registry’ that really slows down the operations. This registry is a sort of database that stores almost all the information for your computer in a series of system files. These ‘system files’ are in several thousands and are good for the operations of the system. But it has been noted that they are actually the main stuff that causes the slowness of windows 7.

The problem associated with the registry can be minimized if only you know how to speed up windows 7 operations. Each time you use your computer; hundreds of files are being opened and edited by your PC from the registry database. This is quite normal but because a lot of these files are usually opened at the same time, windows normally get confused and most of the time, saves the files wrongly. This is a peculiar problem with windows 7 because of its advanced system files that is lacking in the older

Every time you make use of your computer, many more files are usually wrongly saved within the registry. This effectively led your computer to take longer when next it needs to read such files. With various settings such as screensaver and wallpaper and your latest email being kept in this database, it is very important that you find ways of ensuring that it all continue to run smoothly all the time. The number way to speed up windows 7 operating systems is by trying to find ways of helping your system files save correctly. Remember that these files are usually saved wrongly as a result of huge operations that go on simultaneously on the operating platform. You may opt to limit or reduce what you do at any given time.

The entrant of the registry cleaners proved very positive in speeding up windows 7 operating systems. The cleaner has inbuilt automated scanning systems which browse through the entire windows registry and effectively fix any of the erroneously saved system files. This really boosts the speed of windows 7.

This is a very efficient tool that would help to fix any registry file issue of your system and allow your computer to run fast again. They simply scan the entire system, fix any wrongly saved file which immediately releases speed for you PC.

Trying to figure out how to speed up windows 7? We can show you exactly how to use this secret to make your computer run faster and give you a FREE download to fix and increase your computer’s speed at http://www.FixMyComputerQuick.com

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You are the proud owner of a personal computer and the last thing you have to do before you enjoy all the benefits this machine will have to offer you, you must first install an operating system on your PC.

What you should know is that before you install an operating system on your personal computer you must first go through a few steps that will ensure that the whole process will go as smoothly as possible and with no repercussions.

This is you guide on what to do before you install an operating system on your personal computer:
Back up your hard drive – if you have any valuable information on your personal computer which you would hate to loose the best thing to do is to put them all into a single folder and then create back up for your hard drive. You can do this by adding the information to an external hard drive, a USB drive or simply on a different partition.

De-fragment your hard drive – before you add a new operating platform on your PC you must first be sure that the old one was in proper working conditions and that your hard drive does not have any unnecessary information lying around in it. For that respect a de-fragmentation for your hard drive is the best course of action.

Read the installation instructions wisely – before you begin installing the operating system on your personal computer you best read all the information you have available that is located on the cover of your operating platform.

Keep your driver disks handy – after the installation process for the operating syst

Talk to one of your friend before installing the new operating system on your personal computer. If you know a person that uses the same operating platform you would like to install on your machine then he is the perfect guide. That person can assist you while installing the operating system and can offer you inside information on how that platform best works.

The operating platform for your personal computer is like the canvas for a beautiful painting. You can not build a strong house without a solid foundation. But enough with the analogies; you now know what to do before you install an operating system on your PC.

Adrian is the editor of this article. He also writes for http://www.doublefrenchdoors.org/. This is a website where you can find out more about french sliding patio doors.

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Changes have been made from Vista to Windows, in order to compensate for the mistakes that were made on Vista. The changes come from many bad reviews that were given to Vista, and has tried to salvage its reputation by creating Windows 7. As requested by users of Vista, the changes that have been made have better features that are actually useful and work properly and what is most important user friendly. It has a different look, from all previous Windows but it is a look that works. All the issues and what annoyed users have now finally been fixed.

The interface provided by Windows 7 is more controlled, user friendly, and more effective. It also works with more efficiency and has now removed all the bad parts of Windows Vista. The system tray and taskbar in Windows 7 has been given an upgrade, to make it so that the user has more control. The taskbar has less clutter than before by letting you have more control over how the icons can look by making them smaller or keeping it to the original size. This creates freedom, and lets you have the programs you use all the time in taskbar, by letting you move it from its previous location. So all your regular programs that you use are in one spot, all that is needed is to click to open it, which save the user time.

Even though the changes to the interface are small, these changes could have been done before, especially with Windows Vista. It now allows you to move your windows into different parts of screen. Move it onto the other side of the screen and you be able leave it there and move another wind

The sidebar that was part of the Vista setup has now been removed, so now the gadgets can be set up on your desktop, where you want them to go. The system tray allows you more control, by allowing you to put the apps where they need to be and where you want them to be. The Action Center is now an added feature and bonus to Windows 7, as it allows you to make the pop up’s manageable. This is achievable, by letting you store them so that you can see them when you want to, so it removes the annoyance of having it pop up to remind you.

The new version of Windows 7, is new and improved and makes it stand out amongst all other Windows Operating System. By listening to the customer complaints about Vista, it has really taken it onboard and made the changes that suit the needs of the user. It has made the changes more efficient, effective and workable for the everyday computer user.

Francis has been writing articles and reviews on various products for some time. View more articles and reviews written by Francis at businesspromotionalpens.org including then newest on Business Promotional Pens

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Everyone has probably seen or heard the conversation about operating systems. You get two people arguing over which one they think is better. Both sides point out what’s best about their preferred OS and what’s worst about the other. Eventually it just ends up in a heated argument over very trivial points. One must wonder what the point of these conversations are considering that there really isn’t a war to be won about which manufacture has the best software.

First of all, people run this software to run applications. If the operating system does a good job, you don’t even notice if it’s there. If you prefer running Firefox, it doesn’t matter what’s behind it running the browser because you are using the application and not the attached underlying system. If someone enjoys Windows applications or ones that come on a Mac, they will tend to favor that operating system because it runs the programs they want to be using.

Second, you can use more than one operating system if you wish. We are almost all Windows users. Even those who use Linux and Mac for the most part have Windows on their computer or a computer in their household. If you could only choose one, then it might matter. Fighting with people who all own a variety of these systems at this point seems trivial.

There really is no winning. If more users choose to use your preferred operating system, it’s still the same thing to you. If someone needs a program only on a certain system and they love it, they aren’t going to switch becau

Use whatever operating systems you enjoy the most. Dual boot, virtualize, and have fun with a variety of systems if that helps you get the most out of your computing experience.

Many people get into operating system arguments about what is better. Many of these are pointless as applications are what’s most important and the ease of running more than one computer system at once.

Garry’s been writing articles and reviews on various products for some time. View more articles and reviews written by Garry at bamboobedding.org including then newest on Bamboo Bedding

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An operating system (OS for brevity) is responsible for the coordination, management of activities, and resource sharing in a computer. Without the OS, it is impossible to operate these devices.

The three most dominant computer operating systems found in the market today are Windows (manufactured by Microsoft), MAC (by Macintosh/Apple Computers), and Linux (by Linus Torvalds and his partners).

Current Windows OS has the best Graphical User Interface with upgraded menu bar, start menu, button, and taskbar appearance. These user-friendly features allow clients to conveniently use computers with just simple instructions. This OS is known to be very stable and is protected with high level of security measures. These have phishing filters that alarm its users when unauthorized people are attempting to access their sites. It also has spam protection, Windows Defender which blocks suspicious programs, advanced firewall, automatic back-up during programs crashes, and data encryption/decryption. This software allows fast inter-connectivity in local area networks and the internet. High-speed data downloading and uploading can be achieved. Multimedia functions such as video and audio are richly provided in Windows OS.

The main disadvantage of Window OS is that this has high computer system requirements. You should have a computer that has very high memory capacity, graphics card requirement ranging from 128 to 256 megabytes, minimum hard disk space of at least 20 gigabytes, and Random Access Memory (RAM) with 2 gigabyte capacity. Windows OS is usually

Macintosh provides its own operating system which is called MAC OS. It is less prone to infiltration and damage from harmful software such as malware and spyware compared to Microsoft Windows. However, this system is not sold solely in computer stores because it is exclusively used in Apple Computers. Because of this, MAC OS equipped units are typically pricey.

The Linux operating system is known for its stability and durability in withstanding long use. This system rarely crashes. If this indeed happens, it will not usually harm its computer programs. It can run even on old computer hardware such as Pentium 100 with 16 megabyte of memory and just 1 gigabyte disk drive. You can still use your outdated computer since several program applications are compatible with Linux. Its security features are very impressive because its developers can immediately fix any weak spots that the operating system may have.

However, Linux has many disadvantages. First of all, many people are not familiar with this computer software. Thus, it will take some time to learn on how to operate it. Secondly, there are a lot of office suite programs that do not run on Linux. Thirdly, you need specialized personnel to service your computer that uses the said operating system. Lastly, there are computer programs that are incompatible with the Linux software. Therefore, these may not run and function properly.

In choosing an operating system, consider its affordability and the full availability of support services.

Kate Hagen is a social media marketing expert. She has her BS in Business Information Systems and her Masters in Accounting. She has worked in corporate America for 20 years before starting her own home-based business consulting with companies and individuals on social media marketing and helping them gain a presence on the world wide web.

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Sneak Peek

Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop is a truly stylish laptop with power packed features. Comparatively similar to some other models, this laptop comes bundled with the best processor and operating systems to give you the true professional experience while working on yoru laptop.

Design

Being stylish and sleek is not enough for Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop, as it combines it cool looks with titanium silver color. The reputation of this laptop has grown by leaps and bounds, thanks to its ultimate styling. It weighs around 1.89 kilo grams. It is one of the lightest laptops around. Being exceptionally lightweight, you can carry it wherever you want to carry it.

Key Features

Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop is powered by Intel Core2Duo T7200. This Core2 Duo Processor makes sure that it controls the execution of program instructions extremely fast and efficient. With processor speed of 1800MHz and inbuilt Hard Disk Drives capacity of 120 GB. Li-Lon battery makes sure that Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop gets one of the best power supply.

The integrated Graphics Media Accelerator 950 video card integrated modem and integrated sound card, Wifi in Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop are the added advantages. The video card is Graphics Media Accelerator x3100 with memory of 358MB. Its memory type is shared. The front side bus is 800. Apart from this Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop has PCMCIA slot, S-Video Port, 3 USB ports, Firewire Port, integrated Bluetooth adapter and 5-in-1 Digital Media Reader.

Core Inf

The operating system of Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop is Windows Vista Business. Thus Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop takes care of your business needs perfectly. With Toshiba EasyGaurd technology, Toshiba Portege M600E360D laptop has finger print reader security, which protects your laptop from prying eyes. Through Bluetooth you get the power to transfer the data wireless. The touchpad mouse makes it extremely easy for you to go through the various programs on screen.

Having 4 USB ports is one the highlights of Toshiba Laptops. Actually people are not aware of the many advantages of USB port. You do not need an adapter card for adding a new device to your laptop or computer. Simply connect it to the USB port and your job is done.

USB ports are also much faster compared to other serial ports. Also the data transfer is slower in serial ports. Thanks to USB ports, the plug in and plug out of your devices is also done very smoothly and safely even when your computer is switched on. Also the biggest advantage of it is that you can charge your devices by connecting them to USB ports. Installation of different software or devices becomes very easy via USB ports.

Conclusion

Designed for demanding business users, Toshiba’s Portege M600E360D combines state-of-the-art functions, style and portability.

Pooja Lapasia

Author Bio

Pooja Lapasia is a well known author and has written articles on Gigabyte Laptops, Laptops store, HP Compaq Laptops, online shop and many other subjects.

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